EMS One-Stop

• How ‘One big beautiful bill’ could break EMS

  In this vital episode of EMS One-Stop, host Rob Lawrence is joined by Matt Zavadsky and attorney Doug Wolfberg of Page, Wolfberg & Wirth for a deep-dive into three financial flashpoints currently impacting EMS. First, the trio unpack the launch of the new PWW|AG/EMS|MC EMS Financial Index, a quarterly report leveraging billing and revenue cycle data from over 1,500 agencies nationwide. This unprecedented benchmarking tool allows EMS leaders to measure performance against regional and national trends, uncovering actionable insights into billing strategies, reimbursement rates, payer mixes and the economics of service delivery. It’s a critical step in helping agencies justify their value and improve their financial sustainability. Next, the discussion turns to MedPAC — the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission — and its controversial response to cost data submitted by ambulance services under the CMS Ground Ambulance Data Collection System. Doug Wolfberg explains how MedPAC discarded over half of the data, labeling higher-cost services — often rural or government-run — as outliers. This move could justify lower or stagnant Medicare fee increases, potentially devastating many providers. Finally, attention shifts to the “One Big Beautiful Bill” moving through Congress and now on its way to the Senate that would eliminate or severely restrict enhanced Medicaid funding mechanisms, such as supplemental payments and provider taxes. If passed, this legislation would reduce reimbursement for millions of transports, triggering funding crises across EMS systems — particularly in states like California and Illinois. The episode delivers a clear message: EMS leaders must prepare, advocate and act now. Episode timeline 00:41 – Rob introduces the three main topics: the PWW|AG/EMS|MC EMS Financial Index, MedPAC’s response to ambulance data and a major federal bill impacting Medicaid 01:59 – Part 1 — PWW|AG/EMS|MC Financial Index 03:37 – Matt explains that the index is built using data from over 1,500 EMS agencies via EMS|MC 05:43 – The importance of regional benchmarking 08:22 – First major finding: dramatic variation in ALS billing rates across regions 09:30 – Key insight: agencies that bill more tend to collect more revenue — agencies are encouraged to determine their true cost of service and align billing accordingly 12:37 – Collection percentage is debunked as a misleading metric; focus should be on dollars collected 15:36 – ALS vs. BLS billing levels explained, with a look ahead to Q2’s emergency-only data set 18:48 – How EMS agencies can better engage with insurers to cover non-transport and MIH services 20:46 – Part 2 — MedPAC 22:24 – Doug outlines how MedPAC discarded over half of the reported ambulance cost data 25:00 – Explanation of which data was discarded and why — primarily high-cost, rural and government-based services 28:22 – Doug asserts MedPAC is using cherry-picked data to suppress reimbursement increases 30:10 – Rob and Doug emphasize that EMS gave MedPAC quality input, but MedPAC is producing garbage output 32:08 – Doug outlines what MedPAC will do next and what EMS leaders must do in response 34:40 – Strong call to action: educate Congress, use real CMS data and don’t accept MedPAC’s narrative 36:59 – Doug emphasizes the importance of evidence-based deployment strategies for financial sustainability 37:31 – Part 3 — “One Big Beautiful Bill” 38:19 – Matt outlines how the bill would drastically limit Medicaid supplemental payments 39:43 – Federal/state Medicaid match rates explained with California as an example 42:51 – The looming reckoning: local governments may have to pay to maintain current EMS service levels 46:02 – Matt warns that the bill could trigger PAYGO cuts to Medicare as well 47:16 – Agencies are urged to plan now, talk to their communities and adjust operations 48:06 – Doug adds that pressure on U.S. senators, especially in red states, could still influence the bill 51:26 – Close and call to action Final takeaway This episode underscores that EMS cannot remain reactive — leaders must proactively use data, engage legislators and educate their communities on the true cost of care. The EMS Financial Index, the MedPAC dismissal, and the pending bill all point to a critical need for informed, strategic advocacy.

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• Safe streets for all: MVC care funding in action

  In this episode of the EMS One-Stop podcast, host Rob Lawrence sits down with returning guest Chief Robbie MacCue of Colonie EMS (New York) to explore the transformative potential of the Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) federal grant program. Funded by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, SS4A aims to prevent roadway fatalities and enhance post-crash care. With $5 billion available nationwide and $900 million still on the table for FY25, this conversation is a call to action for EMS agencies across the country. Chief MacCue shares the story of how his department, in collaboration with neighboring EMS and police agencies, secured $2.4 million in SS4A funding for a project focused on innovative vehicle alert systems, prehospital health information exchange and groundwork for whole blood deployment. From demystifying the grant application to defining success metrics and compliance reporting, this episode breaks it all down — turning policy into practice, and complexity into impact. Memorable quotes “I was pretty taken back by the statistic that 40% of these patients were alive when EMS arrived and later died. Those are patients that are talking to us that are no longer living after a crash.” — Robbie MacCue “This isn’t free money. It comes with reporting requirements, match funding and responsibility — but there’s help out there, and it’s absolutely worth it.” — Robbie MacCue “Our goal is to go upstream to the source of the problem. How do we stop the bleeding? How do we stop some of these accidents from actually happening?” — Robbie MacCue “We put a two-page narrative together that generated a $3,000,000 regional application … based on simple principles about statistics.” — Robbie MacCue “Post-crash care is definitely a missing element in the Safe System Approach … and EMS needs to be part of the solution, not just the response.” — Robbie MacCue “You don’t have to have all the solutions right away. You just have to have the initiative to get with other like-minded people.” — Robbie MacCue “This project isn’t just for crashes. It will also help us with high-utilizer patients and improve reimbursement accuracy by connecting data silos.” — Robbie MacCue “Somebody emailed me in the week to say that the EMS One-Stop podcast is the podcast that’s able to turn a very complex EMS topic into a car bumper sticker. So there you go. If we’re doing that and we can achieve that, then we’re getting somewhere.” — Rob Lawrence Episode timeline 00:00-02:00 – Intro to SS4A and the scale of available funding ($5B) 02:00-04:00 – Why post-crash care matters: 42% of patients alive at EMS arrival die later 04:00-07:00 – How Colonie EMS discovered and approached the SS4A opportunity 07:00-10:00 – Building a regional grant application and tripling the funding 10:00-13:30 – Overview of the proposed project – transponder tech, health information exchange and whole blood 13:30-17:00 – Specific technology being explored and integration challenges 17:00-20:00 – Working with MPOs, consultants and navigating acronyms 20:00-25:00 – Finding the 20% match, leveraging in-kind contributions and funding timelines 25:00-30:00 – Federal reporting requirements and budgeting with SF-424A 30:00-35:00 – The big goal: Closing the outcome data loop and EMS-hospital data sharing 35:00-40:00 – Measuring success, from whole blood to vehicle alerts 40:00-42:30 – Robbie’s final advice: “Don’t be intimidated — reach out and apply.” ADDITIONAL RESOURCES SS4A Application Portal & Resources: Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) Grant Program | US Department of Transportation NHTSA’s Office of Emergency Medical Services | EMS.gov Lexipol Grants Support Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) database

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  42:39
• Inside the EMS Compact: How REPLICA transforms disaster response, licensing & leadership

  In this episode of the EMS One-Stop podcast, host Rob Lawrence kicks off a special series spotlighting national EMS associations, beginning with a deep dive into the EMS Personnel Licensure Interstate CompAct (REPLICA). His guest, Donnie Woodyard Jr., executive director, Interstate Commission for EMS Personnel Practice, brings decades of EMS experience and leadership to the table to demystify what the EMS Compact is, how it operates, and why it matters to the profession today. From improving workforce mobility to protecting public safety during disasters, Woodyard Jr. provides clarity on this critical multi-state agreement. The conversation covers everything from how EMS Compact came to be, to the significance of national registry standards, disaster response logistics, interstate licensure, and even leadership lessons from Woodyard Jr.’s latest book project, “Leadership in action: The Wisdom and stories of EMS innovators”. Whether you're a field provider or policymaker, this episode is a must-listen for understanding how collaborative legislation can shape the future of EMS. In the episode, Woodyard Jr. candidly addresses the ongoing debate in North Carolina over transitioning from a state-only EMS certification exam to exclusive use of the National Registry. Woodyard Jr., while respectful of North Carolina’s long-standing EMS tradition, emphasizes the importance of national consistency. He acknowledged that the proposed legislation needed amendments, particularly around grandfathering existing providers, but stood firm in his belief that a single, legally defensible national standard is essential for provider mobility and professional integrity. Drawing on real-world examples, Woodyard Jr. described how providers are often caught off guard when relocating — only to discover their credentials aren't accepted elsewhere. “Maintaining a state-only exam is harmful to individuals,” he said, calling for unified testing standards that support workforce movement and strengthens the profession nationwide. Memorable quotes from Donnie Woodyard Jr “Every EMT and paramedic in the United States should go through a fingerprint background check. You know, babysitters have to do it. Teachers have to do it. EMS personnel absolutely should do it.” “Maintaining a state-only exam is harmful to individuals. It limits their mobility.” “When you waive that requirement for licensure, you actually are removing essential elements of public protection and accountability.” Timeline 00:21 – Rob introduces the series on national EMS associations and welcomes Donnie Woodyard, Jr. 01:55 – Woodyard, Jr.shares his EMS journey from volunteer in Virginia to international disaster medicine and state leadership 03:41 – What is the EMS Compact and how does it work? 06:38 – Challenges of multistate EMS licensing pre-Compact 08:00 – Explaining the driver’s license analogy and compact accountability 11:17 – EMAC vs. EMS Compact for disaster response and liability concerns 15:31 – National Registry and grandfathering provisions 17:30 – Arkansas joins as the 25th compact state 18:56 – Model legislation and how states join the compact 21:22 – What REPLICA stands for and its legislative origin 22:20 – What California (and other non-compact states) should consider 24:33 – National Registry debate: North Carolina’s challenges and Woodyard, Jr.’s response 27:52 – Mobility, workforce attrition and job-sharing innovation 30:11 – The Commission and national EMS-coordinated database 35:17 – Final thoughts on fragmentation, collaboration and EMS unity 36:41 – Woodyard, Jr.’s leadership book, EMS charity support and Secretary Panetta’s forward 41:08 – Closing remarks and contact information Additional resources Learn more about the EMS Compact “Leadership in action: The Wisdom and stories of EMS innovators”, by Donnie Woodyard Jr. “The future of emergency medical services: Artificial intelligence, technology & innovation”, by Donnie Woodyard Jr.

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  41:47
• Insights, actions and the future of EMS: The 2025 ESO EMS Index

  In this special data-driven edition of the EMS One-Stop podcast, host Rob Lawrence is joined by Dr. Brent Myers, chief medical officer, ESO, and Dr. Remle Crowe, ESO’s director of clinical and operational research, to unpack the newly released 2025 ESO EMS Index. This annual report provides a powerful, real-world snapshot of national EMS trends — drawing on more than 14 million anonymized records to surface opportunities for clinical and operational improvement. The conversation dives into key metrics that move beyond response times and into areas like pain management, opioid overdoses, airway confirmation, obstetric emergencies, whole blood use, pediatric behavioral health and high-utilization patient populations. Throughout the episode, Drs. Myers and Crowe share the motivation behind each metric, explain how the data was gathered and analyzed, and reflect on how EMS agencies can use these insights to guide better care delivery and system design. From confronting equity in pain management, to pushing forward innovations like buprenorphine administration and whole blood programs, this is a compelling call to turn data into meaningful change. Timeline 01:08 – Overview of the ESO EMS Index and its intent 02:59 – Origins of the report and data methodology 05:46 – Database scale: 14M+ records, 3,000+ agencies 07:14 – Metric 1: Pain management for long bone fractures 10:53 – Documentation, AI in EMS, and future documentation tools 14:30 – Metric 2: Suspected opioid overdose and buprenorphine use 18:51 – Best practices, COWS scoring, and naloxone delivery strategy 21:31 – Metric 3: Invasive airway confirmation using waveform capnography 28:06 – Metric 4: Obstetric emergencies (postpartum hemorrhage & hypertension) 34:34 – Metric 5: Prehospital whole blood surveillance 40:22 – Metric 6: Pediatric behavioral health and substance use disorder cases 44:54 – Metric 7: High utilization patient group (HUG) 52:48 – Final thoughts, calls to action, and Rob’s reflections 55:47 – Episode wrap-up and subscription reminder

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  56:26
• Barriers to prehospital whole blood implementation

  In this episode of EMS One-Stop, host Rob Lawrence is joined by Dr. Christine Carico and Dr. Matt Levy to discuss the peer-reviewed paper, “Nationwide Trends in Prehospital Blood Product Use After Injury.” The paper, published in “Transfusion” in April 2025, explores the use of blood products in prehospital trauma care. Despite the proven benefits of blood transfusion in the field, their research uncovers the alarming reality that less than 1% of eligible patients receive prehospital blood products. This conversation dives into the study’s methodology, key findings and the significant barriers EMS systems face in implementing blood transfusion protocols. The discussion also touches on the evolving role of EMS in trauma care, regional variations in blood product access, and the future of prehospital blood transfusion programs. Dr. Carico and Dr. Levy break down their work and reflect on the data, explaining how the study used National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) data to identify trauma patients who would have benefited from blood transfusions. The episode delves into the operational challenges EMS systems face in obtaining and administering blood products in the field, the financial and logistical obstacles, and the potential life-saving impact of more widespread adoption of these protocols. Timeline 00:00 – Intro and welcome: Rob Lawrence introduces Dr. Matt Levy and Dr. Christine Carico, setting up the discussion on prehospital blood product use 03:00 – Study overview: Dr. Carico explains the methodology of the study, focusing on the use of NEMSIS data and the inclusion criteria for the patient population 07:00 – Key findings: Dr. Carico reveals the key findings of the paper, including the low percentage of eligible patients receiving prehospital blood products 11:00 – Barriers to implementation: Dr. Levy discusses the main barriers to the widespread implementation of blood transfusion protocols in the field, including access to blood, logistics and training 17:00 – Regional variations: The speakers touch on the regional disparities in blood product availability and the differences in protocols across the country 23:00 – Data challenges: Dr. Levy and Dr. Carico discuss the challenges related to data accuracy, particularly in terms of blood product documentation 27:00 – Cost and reimbursement: Dr. Levy addresses the financial aspects of blood product programs, including cost, reimbursement challenges and funding opportunities 32:00 – The future of blood transfusion in EMS: Dr. Levy envisions the future of prehospital blood transfusion programs, including the potential for shelf-stable blood products and regional blood supply systems 37:00 – Closing thoughts: Both guests offer their final thoughts on the importance of continued research and data collection, and the need for EMS to embrace a more integrated role in acute care Additional whole blood resources Carico C, Annesi C, Clay Mann N, Levy MJ, et al. “Nationwide trends in prehospital blood product use after injury,” 2025. Transfusion – Wiley Online Library Tracking the whole blood landscape as updated guidelines allow EMS to carry and administer whole blood EMS One-Stop: Stop the bleed, fill the tank – The New Orleans EMS blood program Insider analysis: Delaware’s statewide whole blood rollout sets a new EMS standard Whole blood in EMS promises a revolution in resuscitation: How one county agency is saving lives with prehospital transfusions Matthew Levy | LinkedIn Christine Carico | LinkedIn

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  41:17

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